Thyroid Imbalance: Symptoms, Causes, and Tests

Introduction

The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland at the base of your neck — yet it controls metabolism, mood, and overall energy. When it doesn’t function properly, the effects can ripple through every system of your body. Thyroid imbalance is increasingly common in India, particularly among women, with nearly 1 in 10 adults showing abnormal thyroid levels [1]. Regular screening through a Thyroid Function Test (TFT) can help detect problems early and prevent lifelong complications.

1. The Role of the Thyroid Gland

The thyroid secretes two major hormones — thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These regulate metabolism, heart rate, digestion, body temperature, and menstrual cycles. The pituitary gland controls thyroid activity by releasing Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Any imbalance in T3, T4, or TSH levels can lead to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

2. Types of Thyroid Imbalance

• Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): The thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones. Common in women above 35 years. Causes include Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, iodine deficiency, or post-pregnancy changes.
• Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): The gland produces excess hormones, speeding up metabolism. Causes include Graves’ disease or thyroid nodules.
• Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Mild form where TSH is elevated but T3 and T4 remain normal. Needs monitoring every 6–12 months.

3. Common Symptoms

Hypothyroidism Symptoms

• Fatigue, sluggishness, and weight gain
• Hair loss and dry skin
• Cold intolerance
• Constipation
• Irregular periods or infertility
• Depression and brain fog

Hyperthyroidism Symptoms

• Unexplained weight loss
• Fast heartbeat or palpitations
• Excessive sweating
• Restlessness or anxiety
• Insomnia
• Hand tremors

4. Causes of Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid problems can be genetic or lifestyle-induced. Major causes include:

• Autoimmune conditions: Hashimoto’s or Graves’ disease [2].
• Stress and cortisol imbalance: Chronic stress impairs TSH signaling.
• Iodine deficiency or excess: Affects hormone synthesis.
• Medications: Lithium and amiodarone can alter thyroid activity.
• Hormonal fluctuations: Pregnancy or menopause can trigger imbalance.

5. Diagnostic Tests for Thyroid Function

The Thyroid Function Test (TFT) includes:

• TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone): Primary indicator of thyroid activity.
• Free T3 (Triiodothyronine): Active form controlling metabolism.
• Free T4 (Thyroxine): Precursor hormone that converts into T3.
• Anti-TPO Antibody Test: Detects autoimmune thyroid disease.

Seralis Lab’s Thyroid Checkup Package covers all of these along with Vitamin D and lipid markers for holistic endocrine assessment.

6. Managing Thyroid Imbalance Naturally

• Eat iodine-rich foods like iodized salt, seaweed, and eggs.
• Include selenium (found in sunflower seeds, mushrooms) to support thyroid enzymes [3].
• Exercise daily to improve metabolism and hormone sensitivity.
• Reduce stress through yoga or meditation — cortisol directly affects TSH levels.
• Get tested every 6 months to track changes.

FAQs

How often should I check my thyroid levels?

Once every 6–12 months if stable; more frequently if adjusting medication or during pregnancy.

Can diet alone correct thyroid imbalance?

Diet supports recovery but cannot replace medical treatment. Always follow prescribed thyroxine doses and track progress through TFTs.

References

1. Unnikrishnan AG et al., Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2021.
2. Effraimidis G et al., Thyroid 2018 – Autoimmune causes.
3. Rayman MP et al., Nutrients 2020 – Selenium and thyroid health.

• Early Signs of Diabetes and the Importance of Testing
• 10 Clear Signs Your Metabolism Is Healthy (And When to Get It Checked)
• Asthma Diet Guide: Best and Worst Foods to Control Symptoms and Breathe Easier
• What Your Food Cravings Reveal About Your Health: Causes, Deficiencies & How to Fix Them
• Future of Cancer Detection: How Advanced Screening Spots Tumours Before Any Symptoms Appear

Estimated reading time: 3 minutes